This is Hidden Brain. Newsletter: In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. Thank you! VEDANTAM: I love this analogy you have in the book where you mention how, you know, thinking that a word has only one meaning is like looking at a snapshot taken at one point in a person's life and saying this photograph represents the entirety of what this person looks like. And some people would say it's a lot more because it's, you know, irrecoverable and not reduplicated elsewhere. Or feel like you and your spouse sometimes speak different languages? And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. My big fat greek wedding, an american woman of greek ancestry falls in love with a very vanilla, american man. If you grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your native tongue without even thinking about it. Imagine you meet somebody, they're 39 and you take their picture. I'm Shankar Vedantam. You would never know, for example, that - give you an example I've actually been thinking about. We also look at how. We'll begin with police shootings of unarmed Black men. out. See you next week. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Accuracy and availability may vary. BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. To request permission, please send an email to [emailprotected]. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Now, in a lot of languages, you can't say that because unless you were crazy, and you went out looking to break your arm, and you succeeded - right? And this is NPR. And they suggest that differences across languages do, in fact, predict some of these measures of gender equality across countries. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to eat. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. 00:55:27 Hidden Brain Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Hidden Brain. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. We're speaking today with cognitive science professor Lera Boroditsky about language. Opening scene of Lady Bird Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. VEDANTAM: Lera now tries to understand languages spoken all over the world. One study that I love is a study that asked monolingual speakers of Italian and German and also bilingual speakers of Italian and German to give reasons for why things are the grammatical genders that they are. If you, grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your. Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Arlen C. Moller, Motivation Science, 2020. So some languages don't have number words. something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. What do you think the implications are - if you buy the idea that languages are a very specific and unique way of seeing the world, of perceiving reality, what are the implications of so many languages disappearing during our time? It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. BORODITSKY: Yeah. Newer episodes are unlikely to have a transcript as it takes us a few weeks to process and edit each transcript. VEDANTAM: Lera Boroditsky is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe, watching Netflix or something. SHANKAR VEDANTAM, HOST:This is HIDDEN BRAIN. VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. There was no way of transcribing an approximation of what people said and nobody would have thought of doing it. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. edit transcripts, Improve the presence of your podcasts, e.g., self-service, If you share your Listen Notes page and at-mention. I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. Our team includes Laura Kwerel, Adhiti Bandlamudi and our supervising producer Tara Boyle. this is hidden brain I'm Shankar Vedantam in the classic TV series Star Trek Mister Spock has a foolproof technique for accurately reading the thoughts and feelings of others the Vulcan mind I am Spock you James our minds are moving closer most most here are kind of hard we have new technology that gives us direct access to the minds of others so No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Whats going on here? BORODITSKY: That's a wonderful question. But she told me a story about a conversation she had with a native speaker of Indonesian. BORODITSKY: So quite literally, to get past hello, you have to know which way you're heading. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to savor the beauty in nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. We lobby a neighbor to vote for our favored political candidate. A free podcast app for iPhone and Android, Download episodes while on WiFi to listen without using mobile data, Stream podcast episodes without waiting for a download, Queue episodes to create a personal continuous playlist, Web embed players designed to convert visitors to listeners in the RadioPublic apps for iPhone and Android, Capture listener activity with affinity scores, Measure your promotional campaigns and integrate with Google and Facebook analytics, Deliver timely Calls To Action, including email acquistion for your mailing list, Share exactly the right moment in an episode via text, email, and social media, Tip and transfer funds directly to podcastsers, Earn money for qualified plays in the RadioPublic apps with Paid Listens. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. L. Gable, et. But it's exactly like - it was maybe about 20 years ago that somebody - a girlfriend I had told me that if I wore pants that had little vertical pleats up near the waist, then I was conveying that I was kind of past it. And there are all kinds of interesting, useful, eye-opening ideas that exist in all of the world's languages. They shape our place in it. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. But what most people mean is that there'll be slang, that there'll be new words for new things and that some of those words will probably come from other languages. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. But then you start writing things down and you're in a whole new land because once things are sitting there written on that piece of paper, there's that illusion. And I thought, wow, first of all, it would be almost impossible to have a conversation like that in English where you hadn't already revealed the gender of the person because you have to use he or she. Whats going on here? MCWHORTER: Yes, that's exactly true. So I just think that it's something we need to check ourselves for. Updated privacy policy: We have made some changes to our Privacy Policy. I just don't want to do it. Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? And so for me, that question was born in that conversation of are there some languages where it's easier to imagine a person without their characteristics of gender filled in? Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Shankar Vedantam, host of the popular podcast "Hidden Brain" has been reporting on human behavior for decades. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way, and you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it. And you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it out. If you can speak more than one language, does this mean that you're also simultaneously and constantly shifting in your mind between different worldviews? by Harry T. Reis, Annie Regan, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021. It's as if you saw a person - I'm not going to say at 4 because then the person is growing up, and if I use that analogy then it seems like I'm saying that language grows up or it moves toward something or it develops. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. Well, if you have a word like that and if it's an intensifier of that kind, you can almost guess that literally is going to come to mean something more like just really. This week on Hidden Brain, psychologist Adam Grant describes the magic th We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. But if you prefer life - the unpredictability of life - then living language in many ways are much more fun. In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologistAdam Grantpushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. That is the direction of writing in Hebrew and Arabic, going from right to left. VEDANTAM: So I want to talk about a debate that's raged in your field for many years. So earlier things are on the left. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. All sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain are managed by SXM Media. Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. I'm Shankar Vedantam. So even if I'm speaking English, the distinctions that I've learned in speaking Russian, for example, are still active in my mind to some extent, but they're more active if I'm actually speaking Russian. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important, VEDANTAM: There isn't a straightforward translation of this phrase in English. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. And then if you are going to be that elliptical, why use the casual word get? Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and ho, Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. (LAUGHTER) VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. This week on Hidden Brain, we revisit a favorite episode exploring what this culture means Jesse always wanted to fall in love. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. VEDANTAM: How the languages we speak shape the way we think and why the words we use are always in flux. They can be small differences but important in other ways. We use a lot of music on the show! They often feel angry about it, and you think this anger is actually telling. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. Of course, if you can't keep track of exactly seven, you can't count. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, by Karen Jehn et. BORODITSKY: Well, there may not be a word for left to refer to a left leg. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. Yes! Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, by Philip Tetlock, Psychology Review, 2002. Now I can stay oriented. They are ways of seeing the world. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not. And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. And it's just too much of an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. VEDANTAM: John McWhorter, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. And he started by asking Russian-speaking students to personify days of the week. Not without written permission. He. We post open positions (including internships) on our jobs page. MCWHORTER: Yeah. And all of a sudden, I noticed that there was a new window that had popped up in my mind, and it was like a little bird's-eye view of the landscape that I was walking through, and I was a little red dot that was moving across the landscape. VEDANTAM: For more HIDDEN BRAIN, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. * Data source: directly measured on Listen Notes. Well never sell your personal information. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace.
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