which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. Instead, your best option would be to use a route that you know has worked well in the past. c. 30 a. a mental set. (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the grocery store first? Algorithmsare described informally and can contain ambiguous steps.b. d. two, You're asked to come up with a new slogan for your school's Psychology Club. Visual encoding is the encoding of images, and acoustic encoding is the encoding of sounds, words in particular. C. practicing groupthink D. used a heuristic to solve her packing problem. For example, what was your professor wearing the last class period? A. A. using heuristics. Moreover, you probably are good at staying balanced, but cannot tell someone the exact way you do it. Concepts are, in many ways, big ideas that are generated by observing details, and categorizing and combining these details into cognitive structures. Typically, the event schema that occurs when you hear your phone ringing involves locating the phone and answering it or responding to your latest text message. Which of the following is true of long-term memory? Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. B. Algorithms/artificial intelligence (AI) B. concept In waking up and getting ready for class in the morning, one might follow a(n): d. trial and error, The ________ involves estimating the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory. The system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences is: A prototype is the best example or representation of a concept. As you drive home, you hear your phones ring tone. In this case, Monique has For instance, some people really enjoy picnics. You may not be able to recall all of your classmates, but you recognize many of them based on their yearbook photos. "rule of thumb." A(n) ________ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. Semantic memory is knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts. Concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. C. inductive reasoning. A. Emotional intelligence Confirmation bias e. $23,000. High-imagery words are encoded both visually and semantically (Paivio, 1986), thus building a stronger memory. A. creativity. d. is the latest technology in teaching deaf people to talk. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Memory is an information processing system; therefore, we often compare it to a computer. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. Similarly, when you first learned to drive, you probably thought about a lot of things that you just do now without much thought. _________ includes the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled. Algorithms can be a great problem-solving choice when the answer needs to be 100% accurate or when each decision needs to follow the same process. jk shah classes faculty list; 10 principles of good record keeping; d. where a person lives does not, What a person knows about a particular type of object does, A recent study has shown that for a group of individuals with ______, computerized cognitive exercises that placed increasing demands on auditory perception were beneficial. d. severe depression. Your improved bicycle riding was due to learning balancing abilities. where the event takes place. People who are gifted have an IQ of Children understand adult literary work usually between ages 6 and 8. d. music notes on a keyboard. Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" B. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. Lets quickly test your autobiographical memory. a. the debate of sign language versus spoken language. B. the availability heuristic. In one particular case, he was asked to identify the number of morphemes in the word "rescuer." The process of myelination begins prenatally. Shes surprised at how quickly shes able to pick up the language after not speaking it for 13 years; this is an example of relearning. Memory is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time (Figure 8.2). Cognitive psychology studies all of the following EXCEPT B. naturalist A six-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of Which of the following is true of creative thinkers? B. followed the fixation technique to solve the problem. D. 70 or lower. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written a. attachment; language Which of the following statements is true of the adolescent brain? How well did you do? Kanzi, the chimpanzee, communicates with researchers by using: Multiple Choice Q19 In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. Using the present value factors in your text (Tables 6-4 and 6-5), the net present value of the project is (rounded) B. category. An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. There are two types of long-term memory: explicit and implicit (Figure 8.6). Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. Creative intelligence is related to: a. A. D. unreliable. Question 3. There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. (a) Our concept of snow is an example of a natural conceptone that we understand through direct observation and experience. syntactically correct but semantically incorrect. Either way, snow is a natural concept because you can construct an understanding of it through direct observations, experiences with snow, or indirect knowledge (such as from films or books) (Figure 7.3). The encoding of words and their meaning is known as semantic encoding. Identify a true statement about language milestones among children. D. all scores are below average. Encoding information occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time. 30 seconds. a. almost the opposite of c. means-end analysis. c. make sounds; dream more vividly d. males. (credit: Robert Couse-Baker). D. socially maladjusted. Research suggests that ________ affect the person's prototype for that category. Our powerful event schema dictates our behavior in the elevator, and it is no different with our phones. Which of the following essential body functions are monitored by the autonomic nervous system? In short, you know snow. These mental shortcuts are typically informed by our past experiences and allow us to act quickly. Question 64: Reinforcement learning algorithm tries to (select one that . Margaret fell down her basement stairs and suffered serious injury to her amygdala. b. the heritability of intelligence is about 0.50. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Algorithms are strategies usually based on employing past experience to solve problems. Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and heuristics? c. convergent thinking. B. representativeness heuristic. A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas Sensory information about sights, sounds, smells, and even textures, which we do not view as valuable information, we discard. Now lets turn our attention to acoustic encoding. d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. In this instance, the doctor would instead rely on their expertise and past experiences to very quickly choose what they feel is the right treatment approach. a. thought processes and concepts are controlled by language. It involves recollection of visual imagery as well as the feeling of familiarity (Hassabis & Maguire, 2007). Is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. The self-reference effect is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). d. actual tasks involving memory. According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, the first 18 months of life are devoted to mastering which developmental task? They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. d. the fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human. If complete accuracy is required, it is best to use an algorithm. Read our, Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process, The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies, How to Increase Your Mental Agility With Dr. Elaine Fox, The Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development, Learning Styles Based on Jung's Theory of Personality, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Fast or frugal, but not both: decision heuristics under time pressure, The method a search engine uses to find information on the internet, Instructions for how to assemble a bicycle, Instructions for how to solve a Rubik's cube. D. precision, ________ is a characteristic of good problem solvers. d. "street smarts.". Schemata also help you fill in gaps in the information you receive from the world around you. b. phoneme For example, while it is quite common for people to greet one another with a handshake in the United States, in Tibet, you greet someone by sticking your tongue out at them, and in Belize, you bump fists (Cairns Regional Council, n.d.). What is the correct order of the human sexual-response pattern? In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. Preparing for the dinner party in this way is an example of c. prototype. Material is far better encoded when you make it meaningful. d. means-end analysis. The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as, _____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. Thus, algorithmic problem solving actually comes in two phases: derivation of an algorithm that solves the problem, and conversion of the algorithm into code. d. 15. c. They are what happens when the mind simply reorganizes a problem and comes up with a solution in an "aha!" creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. d. pragmatics. Evaluate solutions B. Knowing which approach to use is important because these two methods can vary in terms of speed and accuracy. When you study United States history, for example, you learn about more than just individual events that have happened in Americas past. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case. A. the availability heuristic d. mechanical solution. d. 100, ________, which is caused by a defect in a male gene that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development, is a biological cause of intellectual disability. This book uses the C. Concepts are independent of experiences and objects. a. standardization. c. an availability heuristic Memory trace decay and interference are two factors that affect short-term memory retention. _________ often work with individuals who have traumatic brain injury. C. Hindsight bias You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. A more creative method of problem-solving is the use of: A. the child's IQ is average. If you were asked later to recall the words from this list, which ones do you think youd most likely remember? B. are slow. d. be reliable. a. Japanese children. d. communicate with one another; represent their own mental activity, Communicate with one another; represent their own mental activity. -the functions of heart rate, breathing, and digestion -the functions of the reproductive system -sensory functions such as vision and hearing -excretory functions -the functions of heart rate, breathing, and digestion A(n) _____ is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. D. Inductive reasoning, ________ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. Once the concept of area of a square is understood, an understanding of area for other geometric shapes can be built upon the original understanding of area. Verywell Mind content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Because event schemata are automatic, they can be difficult to change. What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology? A. creative D. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. B. In simple words, a short term memory can be defined as memory structure in which the limited amount of processing takes place. When solving a problem, if a person is hesitant or unable to think beyond solutions that have worked in the past, he or she is stuck in: The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or steady state, is known as, Motivation for sexual behavior is centered in the. Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance. d. natural concept. In what order should you run your errands? B. the scores are distributed across all points evenly. Gardner would say that an astronaut is high in: 130 or higher. B. D. Heritability is a statistic that provides information about a single individual. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time. D. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. For a circuit, the GaAs MESFET threshold voltage is VTN=0.15VV_{T N}=0.15 \mathrm{~V}VTN=0.15V. Let RD=50kR_D=50 \mathrm{k} \OmegaRD=50k. ________ is the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively for solving problems. Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? Mathematical formulas, like the equation for area (length width) are artificial concepts defined by specific sets of characteristics that are always the same.
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